to be generated and maintained by the SVCT2 (Slc23a2), a specific transporter for ascorbate. The vitamin is also readily recycled from its oxidized forms inside cells. Neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) contain some of the highest ascorbic acid concentrations of mammalian tissues. In addition to its well known role as an antioxidant, the vitamin serves as a co-factor in several important enzyme reactions, including those involved in the synthesis of catecholamine, carnitine, cholesterol, amino acids, and certain peptide hormones. Intracellular ascorbate serves several functions in the CNS, including antioxidant protection, peptide amidation, myelin formation, synaptic potentiation, and protection against glutamate toxicity. The importance of the SVCT2 for CNS function is supported by the finding that its targeted deletion causes widespread cerebral hemorrhage. Once in cells, it is rapidly reduced to ascorbate. The highest concentrations of ascorbate in the body are found in the brain and neuroendocrine tissues such as adrenal, although the brain is the most difficult organ to deplete of ascorbate. Combined with regional asymmetry in ascorbate distribution within different brain areas, these facts suggest an important role for ascorbate in the brain. Neuronal ascorbate content as maintained by this protein also has relevance for human disease, since ascorbate supplements decrease infarct size in ischemia-reperfusion injury models of stroke, and since ascorbate may protect neurons from the oxidant damage associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s. The aim of this review is to assess the role of the SVCT2 in regulating neuronal ascorbate homeostasis and the extent to which ascorbate affects brain function and antioxidant defenses in the CNS. In all of its known functions, ascorbate serves as a one-electron donor, generating the ascorbate free radical (AFR) (Fig 1). The AFR is reduced back to ascorbate within cells by NADH- and NADPH-dependent reductases that have a high affinity for the low concentrations of the radical generated . If the AFR accumulates significantly in areas not accessible to these enzymes, or if its concentration exceeds their capacity, two molecules of the AFR react or dismutase to form one molecule each of ascorbate and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA).

pests Bihar Hairy caterpillar (Spilosoma obliqua), Stem weevil (Apion chorchori), Semi looper (Anomis sabulifera), and yellow mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) is the major pests while mealy bug (Phenacoccus solenopsis) is minor pest. But since last two years (2012 and 2013) Grey weevil (Mylocerus discolour Boehemam) (also called as ace weevil) is emerging as new pest. This is one of the minor pest in some of the jute growing area and it was completely absent in this region. But now we are observing it since last three years with its increasing population trend. This may be attributed to changing climatic conditions of the region.

organisational religiosity and spirituality as an emergent construct to enhance holistic transcendence of employees .  This paper presents a conceptual analysis of the effects of religiosity and spirituality on the culture of organizations which affects the overall work-environment, job satisfaction and performance of employees. Furthermore, the reviews provide ample evidence that when spirituality is considered in an organisation, it provides positive results to the organisation like organisational profitabilitity, employee productivity and higher ethical standards.  This paper developed some propositions that can be tested through empirical research in future. A conceptual framework is presented, showing the relationship between religiosity and spirituality as both individual and organizational factors as well as their connection to organizational culture. The implications for professional practice are discussed.