Material and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in Obaidullah Senior Citizen Hospital. The subjects selected for the study were included based on the criteria of age ≥65years, admitted between Jan 2017 to Dec 2019, without any organ transplants and whose length of stay was more than 72 hours. Initial information like age, anthropometric measurements, clinical diagnosis and date of admission were obtained from the patient’s medical records. We used NRS 2002 and the recommendations supported by the Australia & New Zealand Society for Geriatric Medicine to determine the cut-off for BMI. SPSS software used to analyze the data. Paired t-test and Chi-square test were used.

Results: 65 participants were included within the age group of 65 to 107 years with a mean of 82 years and SD of 10.8 years. Malnutrition was 43% using the NRS 2002 score. Based on the recommendations supported by the Australia & New Zealand Society for Geriatric Medicine a total of 51 patients were found to have a BMI of less than 23kg/m² and were classified as underweight based on these recommendations. All the patients in the study group were treated with appropriate nutritional therapy to improve their nutritional status by providing required nutritional therapy using different types of feeding methods. Overall 23% of patients achieved a healthy weight and 4.6% became overweight after the implementation of nutritional therapy. There was a statistically significant association observed in the case of NRS initial and NRS final scores. The chance of death for patients with NRS-initial score more than or equal to 3 is 7.2 times more compared to those with NRS-initial score <3. Similarly, the chance of death for patients with an NRS-final score more than or equal to 3 is 3.9 times more compared to those with an NRS-final score <3.

Conclusion: Prevalence of malnutrition was 43% among the elderly. Statistically significant factors associated with outcome (mortality) are NRS-initial and NRS-final; the degree of association observed was high in NRS-initial compared to NRS-final. The Australia & New Zealand Society for Geriatric Medicine to identify the risk of malnutrition among elderly using BMI” may be used more effectively to identify patients with malnutrition.

KEYWORDS:  Malnutrition, Nutritional risk, Assessment, comorbidities

KEYWORDS:  Banjar District, flood, student, alertness, rural.

Hydro geologically study of the area has indicators that show as the groundwater potential and occurrence. The geological units like clay sediments, weathered and fractured basalt, and other quaternary sediments, and geological structures causes for different landforms and for primary and secondary permeability and porosity which are plays great role on the aquifer properties. The given data were collected from geological field activities to fulfill the gaps in hydro geological field observation data reports. The ground water also uses for many purposes in study area, such as for domestic, industrial and agriculture. There are so many problems related to ground water management in study area town such likes, Poor sanitation, not good hygiene condition, insufficient water supply due to lack of management and not good scientific and technical capabilities. To solved and given the addition of water supply scheme, addition of water source at the nearest to community services are required. The regional water resource office should provide financial and logistic support for this area.

KEYWORDS: Assessment, Groundwater, Occurrence, Permeability, Resources, Surface